By Katie Paul
AWAMIYA, Saudi Arabia (Reuters) – A security campaign against Shi’ite Muslim gunmen in eastern Saudi Arabia has reduced dozens of buildings in the town of Awamiya to ruins and forced thousands of residents to flee.
Security forces have been trying for three months to flush out gunmen responsible for years of attacks on police in the small town of 30,000 that has been the center of protests by minority Shi’ites against the Sunni government.
Journalists on a government tour of the town on Wednesday were the first outside witnesses of the damage caused by the fighting in the otherwise tightly controlled kingdom, a key Western ally and the world’s top oil exporter.
Reporters escorted by special forces in armored vehicles saw streets in Awamiya’s old quarter transformed into a war zone a world away from the sparkling cityscapes elsewhere in the energy-rich Gulf.
There was no fighting during the tour, although residents reported an explosion and gunfire shortly afterwards.
Rusted-out cars lay half-flattened next to wrecked homes pocked with hundreds of bullet holes.
Crudely photocopied portraits of “martyrs” – one apparently 16 years old – were tacked on to lamp posts and buildings.
“The land which is mixed with the blood of martyrs gets sufficiently watered by God’s light to defeat the mighty,” said graffiti along one rubble-strewn street.
FINAL PUSH
Fighting picked up this month when elite forces joined an operation that began in May to tear down the old quarter, known as al-Musawara, to prevent gunmen using its narrow streets to evade capture.
Casualty figures have not been published, but an interior ministry representative said eight members of a police rapid reaction team and four special forces troops had been killed since the latest campaign began.
Residents said nine civilians had been killed in the violence in the past week and more than 20,000 had fled or been evacuated to safer towns and villages nearby.
Activists said five fighters and 23 civilians were killed in the fighting. Among them was a three-year-old boy, who died on Wednesday after having been shot in his family’s car by an armored vehicle in Awamiya in June.
The ministry representative said the old quarter had been empty except for “terrorists” for the past six months, but the security forces had to wait until families left adjacent areas before they could begin their final push.
The authorities say they are clearing the area to build an attractive district of shopping centers, office buildings, green spaces and fountains in place of al-Musawara.
“We informed everyone in the community there would be development stages for several areas in Qatif, starting with Musawara,” said Esam Abdullatef Almulla, the region’s acting mayor.
He dismissed concerns raised by United Nations experts in April that the demolition of the 400-year-old neighborhood threatened Awamiya’s cultural heritage, saying the majority of the community accepted the project.
“Of course, we didn’t get approval from everyone, but most Qatif and Awamiya residents wanted to see their neighborhoods developed,” said Almulla.
The government compensated residents who had to leave with more than 800 million riyals ($200 million), he said, and has demolished about 80 out of 488 homes in Musawara.
NOT YET FINISHED
Footage on social media on Wednesday showed security forces celebrating by linking arms and dancing in a circle, their automatic weapons raised in the air.
But the fighting may not yet be over, and the campaign may sow more discontent among the Shi’ite population, which complains of discrimination. Saudi authorities deny that charge.
Posters of local Shi’ite religious leader Nimr al-Nimr, whose execution last year set off a wave of protests and prompted a break in diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran, still hung throughout the town.
Around ten bulldozers worked to demolish more buildings and clear up the detritus of combat, and the soldiers driving them still wore their helmets and body armor.
The bright pink walls of a child’s bedroom lay exposed on the first floor of a collapsed house. A dog wandered around the town’s abandoned streets, dragging an orange leash behind him.
(Writing by Noah Browning and Katie Paul; Editing by Sonya Hepinstall and Giles Elgood)
